12/28/2023 0 Comments Volcano eruption canary islandsBoth types of models may be used to define the impact area in both long and short-term forecasts, and to carry out drills to manage the effects of a possible future crisis (Zuccaro et al. for lava flow, ash fall and pyroclastic density current, ( Felpeto et al. (2009)) but there are also simpler models that are designed to obtain faster multiple eruptive scenarios using fewer parameters and less complex computer system resources (e.g. Currently, very sophisticated hazard models can be found (e.g. for pyroclastic surges, ( Sheridan and Malin 1983)) and were specifically developed for areas where there was a general lack of geological information ( Burt et al. The first computerized hazard models were also introduced around the 80s (e.g. This approach is based on mapping possible hazards and is still widely used nowadays (see Servicio Geológico Colombiano ( 2015) Mothes et al. Helens (USA) and Nevado del Ruiz (Colombia) are important examples ( Crandell and Mullineaux 1978 Parra and Cepeda 1990 Voight 1990). Hazard maps have been developed since the 1960s, mainly to deal with the threat of stratovolcanoes, and are typically based on the volcanoes’ past eruptive history, geological setting and geographical environment ( Scott 1989). Volcanic-hazard assessments maps constitute a well-used representative tool in hazard assessment and can be useful for land-use planning and the development of mitigation strategies. The example presented here was developed for La Palma (Canary Islands). The methodology represents an attempt to respond to the most important questions of where, when and how a new eruption might take place in a monogenetic volcanic field. The methodology presented does not use susceptibility base maps for hazard assessment to avoid possible underestimation of low probability areas by Civil Protection. The maps were designed for use in a digital environment (Geographic Information System) by Civil Protection professionals in high-risk monogenetic volcanic fields on small oceanic islands. We added some spatial methods to better manage potentially affected areas. In this research, we focused on developing volcanic hazard maps using simple numerical hazard models in combination with a random approach for vent location to cover the whole vent opening area. Likewise, the scientific communication of the volcanic-hazard assessment and how this information is comprehended are critical issues in the development of mitigation strategies for monogenetic volcanic fields. However, volcanic hazard maps of monogenetic volcanic fields present some significant differences with respect to those developed for stratovolcanoes, including the fact that they commonly represent multiple eruptive processes spread over the possible vent opening area. In recent years, several improvements have been made for monogenetic volcanic fields focused on, among other things, the development of spatial models to deal with one of the main problems in these areas, namely the unknown vent location. Traditionally volcanic-hazard assessments have been applied to stratovolcanoes, where volcanic hazard maps represent important tools for volcanic crisis management and land-use planning.
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